Control of brown and beige fat development. The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. ![]() ![]() The site of heat production in the newborn infant. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Anatomical locations of human brown adipose tissue: functional relevance and implications in obesity and type 2 diabetes. UCP1-independent signaling involving SERCA2b-mediated calcium cycling regulates beige fat thermogenesis and systemic glucose homeostasis. A creatine-driven substrate cycle enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in beige fat. Genetic depletion of adipocyte creatine metabolism inhibits diet-induced thermogenesis and drives obesity. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans. Chronic mirabegron treatment increases human brown fat, HDL cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential. Activation of human brown adipose tissue by a β 3-adrenergic receptor agonist. ![]() Together, these studies define distinct populations of progenitor cells for thermogenic PVAT, providing a foundation for developing strategies to augment brown fat activity.Ĭypess, A. Similarly, human PVAT contains presumptive fibroblastic and smooth muscle-like adipocyte progenitor cells, as revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Interestingly, the aortic adventitia of adult animals contains a population of adipogenic smooth muscle cells ( Myh11 +, Pdgfra − and Pparg +) that contribute to perivascular adipocyte formation. In mice, thoracic PVAT develops from a fibroblastic lineage, consisting of progenitor cells ( Pdgfra +, Ly6a + and Pparg −) and preadipocytes ( Pdgfra +, Ly6a + and Pparg +), which share transcriptional similarity with analogous cell types in white adipose tissue. Here, we determine the identity of perivascular adipocyte progenitors in mice and humans. However, the cellular origins of PVAT are poorly understood. In humans, major deposits of brown fat cells are found intimately associated with large blood vessels, corresponding to perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Brown adipose tissue can expend large amounts of energy, and therefore increasing its size or activity is a promising therapeutic approach to combat metabolic disease.
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